A positive spin on things first. This appears to be shaping up as one of those rare and blessed years where most producers will enjoy both a good crop and a good price. It doesn’t happen often.
Prices (new crop December futures) have moved to the 87 to 88 cents area four times since the beginning of 2021. This most recent move has now carried us to new highs at better than 90 cents. In other words, producers have had opportunities at even 85 cents or better basis the December futures for quite a good portion of the pre-harvest pricing period so far.
The March lows at roughly 78 cents were followed by a trend up of roughly 10 cents or about 13%. The next dip came to roughly 81 cents in mid-May, and if we apply the same 13% growth/rally, that would take us to roughly 91 to 92 cents. December set a new high close July 28 at 90.52 cents. Price was down slightly on July 29 but was still over 90 cents.
The 2021 crop has been highly uncertain and, to some degree, still is. But uncertainties and concerns about acres and the crop appear diminished compared to a month ago. Yet here we are now banging the door at 90 cents. Why is that, and what’s ahead?
Acres and Crop Condition. The July 25 crop conditions reported by USDA shows 61% of the crop in good to excellent condition. Overall condition has improved for three consecutive weeks and is now the highest of the season. The Texas crop is rated 53% good to excellent and only 10% very poor or poor.
The crop is, however, noticeably behind normal development in 9 of 15 states, and there are still some unknowns about acres planted.
Exports. The marketing year for the 2020 crop ends on July 31. USDA projects 16.4 million bales in exports for the crop year. Their estimate was increased from 16.25 million bales to 16.4 back in June. At the time, I remember data seemed to support this, market observers expected an increase, and it was viewed as positive for the market.
Now, it seems the 16.4 number is giving cause for concern – specifically that exports may not reach 16.4 million. And, if not, that results in a higher carry-in for the 2021 marketing year on August 1.
Unfortunately, it becomes necessary to make this complicated when I wish it could be avoided. Export sales and shipments are reported in “running bales.” These bales, as you know from your own gin records, weigh roughly 500 lbs. USDA data, however, is in the equivalent amount of 480-lb bales. So, 16.4 million 480-lb “statistical bales” would be equal to about 15.74 “running bales” – assuming those bales weighed around 500 lbs average.
Will we meet USDA’s 16.4 projection? It depends on how many “running bales” are exported and the weight of those bales. The weekly export report (for the prior week ending July 22) shows accumulated shipments of 15.347 million “running bales.” This equals 15.99 million USDA “statistical bales” if those bales average 500 lbs and 15.83 million if they average 495 lbs. Got it?
The next report will be for this week ending July 29. So, with a little over a week’s reporting remaining, we will need about 400,000 to 550,000 “running bales” to meet USDA’s projection depending on average weight of a running bale this season. By comparison, today’s report showed 248,000 running bales shipped the prior week. If my calculations are correct and if I haven’t confused myself, we may come up around 225,000 statistical bales short of USDA’s projection.
World Demand. Optimism about world demand is undoubtedly what is fueling the drive-up in price. The U.S. crop could get bigger, but currently all attention seems focused on demand.
World demand is currently projected at 123.16 million bales for the 2021 crop year – up 4% from 2020 and 20% from 2019. And this cannot be stressed enough: USDA’s projections for the 2021 crop have increased each month. Demand has not had a hiccup.
2021 crop export sales must validate optimism in demand. One uncertainty to think about is any impact the now increasing new COVID risks might have on economic activity around the world.
Dr. Don Shurley is professor emeritus in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at the University of Georgia, Tifton.
Source: Cotton Grower
