DHAKA: Clothes retailers in Europe and America sit on excess inventory and cut back on spring orders. Sourcing agents face late payments. Garment factories in Bangladesh are on the rack.

The global apparel industry, reeling from a punishing 2020, is seeing its hopes of recovery punctured by a new wave of COVID-19 lockdowns and patchy national vaccine rollouts. 

Some major retailers are still nursing last year's clothes, which would have been sold off in clearance sales in normal times. British chain Primark, for example, told Reuters it was housing around £150 million (US$205 million) worth of 2020 spring/summer stock and £200 million from autumn/winter.

In an indication of the scale of the backlog, consultancy McKinsey says the value of unsold clothing worldwide, in stores and warehouses, ranges from €140 billion to €160 billion (US$168 billion to US$192 billion) - more than double normal levels.

Britain's Marks & Spencer and Germany's Hugo Boss  said they had placed smaller orders than usual for this year's spring collection.

Retailers are keeping volumes small and lead times tight, according to Ron Frasch, former president at Saks Fifth Avenue who is now operating partner at private equity firm Castanea Partners, which works with a number of apparel brands.

"Most of the brands now are pretty tight on shipping and the factors are very tight. I think everyone was very conservative with their purchasing," he said. "I know many have been slow paying. That is for sure."

Indeed, Hong Kong-based sourcing agent Li & Fung, which manages more than 10,000 factories in 50 countries for retailers including global players, told Reuters that some retailers had requested later payment terms, but declined to provide specifics. 

FACTORIES FEEL THE PAIN

The pain is consequently flowing to  major garment manufacturing centres like Bangladesh, whose economies rely on textile exports. Factories are struggling to stay open.

Fifty factories surveyed by the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters  Association said they had received 30 per cent fewer orders than usual this season, as pre-Christmas lockdowns in much of Europe followed by another clampdown in January hit their businesses hard.

"Orders usually arrive three months in advance. But there are no orders for March," said Dhaka-based factory owner Shahidullah Azim, whose clients include North American and European retailers.

"We are operating at 25 per cent of capacity. I have some orders to run the factory till February. After that, I don't know what future holds for us. It's difficult to say how we will survive." 

Miran Ali, who represents the Star Network, an alliance of manufacturers in six Asian countries, and himself owns four factories in Bangladesh, faces similar problems.

"At this point in time, I should have been entirely full until March at least, and looking at a healthy quantity for autumn/winter coming in already. Across the board, that is coming slow," he told Reuters from the capital Dhaka.

"Brands are buying less from fewer people."

Asif Ashraf, another factory owner in Dhaka who makes clothes for global retailers, said it was tough to adjust. "We've produced the fabric and we're ready to stitch the garments, but then they say the order is on hold."

'PUBLIC WEARING PJs AGAIN'

With store closures threatening to carry into summer, some retailers are attempting to sell off as much of their excess stock as possible before placing new orders, textile recycling firm Parker Lane Group told Reuters.

CEO Raffy Kassardjian said his business went from processing an average of 1.5 million items of excess apparel per month to more than 4 million in January, its busiest month ever.

Last year was dire for the clothing industry, which saw sales slide by about 17 per cent versus 2019, according to Euromonitor. And the future is uncertain.

Estimates for 2021 range from pessimistic forecasts of a 15 per cent sales drop from McKinsey, to an 11 per cent recovery from Euromonitor.

So are there bright spots? Well, a lockdown pyjama boom is offering some minor relief.

"If you want to know what the Great British public is doing - it's wearing pyjamas again," Marks & Spencer CEO Steve Rowe said last month, while Hugo Boss alluded to the same phenomenon, saying it had "streamlined our range of classic business clothing and expanded the range of casual wear".

But that's cold comfort for some factory owners.

"Demand for pyjamas is at a life-time high," Ali in Dhaka acknowledged. "But not everyone can make pyjamas!"